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1.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(7): 1307-1312, July 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-976451

ABSTRACT

A mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) é uma dos principais pragas que afetam a pecuária no Brasil. A despeito das carências regionais, inexistem estudos que avaliem sua importância e subsidiem seu controle no nordeste brasileiro. O presente estudo objetivou conhecer a dinâmica populacional e determinar os níveis de infestação da H. irritans no semiárido paraibano, visando subsidiar programas de controle. O estudo foi conduzido no Núcleo de Pesquisa para o Trópico Semiárido, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, município de Patos, Paraíba. Durante 42 meses, de abril 2011 a setembro 2014, contagens de moscas-dos-chifres foram realizadas a cada 14 dias em um rebanho Sindi (26 vacas e um touro). Paralelamente, foram registrados diariamente os principais parâmetros climáticos. Infestações da mosca-dos-chifres ocorreram durante todo o período de estudo, com infestações individuais superiores a 100 moscas em todas as contagens, infestações médias mensais de até 183 moscas/vaca e infestações individuais máximas de 500 moscas nas vacas e 1.800 moscas no touro. Influenciados pela influência microclimática de grandes açudes, a mosca-dos-chifres apresentou comportamento bimodal, com picos populacionais anuais em outubro/novembro e março. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre fatores climáticos e resultados das contagens. De modo a evitar os picos de infestação e reduzir perdas econômicas subsequentes, medidas de controle são recomendadas.(AU)


The horn fly (Haematobia irritans) is a major livestock pest in Brazil. Despite of the regional needs, no studies assessing its importance and subsidizing its control are available for the Brazilian northeast. The present study aimed to know the population dynamics and determine the infestation levels of H. irritans on cattle in the semiarid region of the Paraíba state, in order to support control programs. The study was conducted at the Nucleus of Research for the Semiarid Tropics, Federal University of Campina Grande, municipality of Patos, Paraíba. During 42 months, from April 2011 to September 2014, horn fly counts were performed every 14 days in a Sindi herd (26 cows and a bull). The main climatic parameters were recorded daily. Horn fly infestations occurred throughout the study, with individual infestations above 100 flies at all counts, monthly mean infestations of up to 183 flies/cow and maximum individual infestations of 500 flies on cows and 1,800 flies on the bull. Influenced by microclimatic influence of large reservoirs, the horn fly population showed a bimodal behavior, with population peaks in October/November and March. No significant correlation between climatic factors and fly counts was found. In order to avoid infestation peaks and to reduce subsequent economic losses, control measures are recommended.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Seasons , Muscidae/growth & development , Population Dynamics , Ectoparasitic Infestations
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(11): 1303-1308, Nov. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-697874

ABSTRACT

Um aumento na abundância de Stomoxys calcitrans tem sido observado em áreas de produção sucroalcooleira devido aos subprodutos orgânicos resultantes desta atividade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a abundância desta espécie em diferentes subprodutos da cana-de-açúcar. De janeiro a dezembro de 2011, a abundância de S. calcitrans foi monitorada em quatro subprodutos: bagaço, palha, torta de filtro (TF) e palha com vinhaça (PV), em uma usina sucroalcooleira no município de Angélica, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Mensalmente, 20 armadilhas de emergência foram distribuídas em cada substrato, mantidas ativas por quatro semanas. Durante todo o período de estudo, 4.049 espécimes de S. calcitrans foram coletados nos diferentes substratos, representando 9,22% do total de dípteros capturados nas armadilhas. Os quatro subprodutos amostrados apresentaram significativas diferenças em relação à abundância de S. calcitrans, sendo maior na TF (67,20%) e na PV (29,19%). Picos de abundância foram observados em junho (PV) e outubro (PV e TF). Maior produtividade de S. calcitrans foi observada na TF (55,8 moscas/mII) e na PV (24,2 moscas/mII), com produção média mensal de S. calcitrans na usina estimada em 37 mil e 24 milhões, respectivamente. A elevada capacidade de reprodução da S. calcitrans em subprodutos da usina explica as explosões populacionais desta espécie, ocorridas recentemente em fazendas pecuárias próximas a usinas sucroalcooleiras.


Increasing abundance of Stomoxyscalcitrans has been observed in organic byproducts resulting from sugar cane alcohol production. This study aimed to evaluate the abundance of S. calcitrans in such byproducts. From January to December 2011, the abundance of S. calcitrans was monitored in four byproducts: sugar cane bagasse, mulch, filter cake (FC) and mulch plus vinasse (MV), in a sugar cane mill located at the municipality of Angélica, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Monthly, 20 emergence traps were placed in each substrate, remaining active for the following four weeks. A total of 4,049 specimens of S. calcitrans was caught during the whole period, representing 9.22% of total amount of collected flies. The four byproducts studied showed significant differences regarding the abundance of S. calcitrans, being higher in FC (67.20%) and MV (29.19%). Abundance peaks were observed in June (PV) and October (PV and TF). The highest productivity of S. calcitrans was observed in TF (55.8 flies/mII) and PV (24.2 flies/mII) and the average monthly production of S. calcitrans at the mill was estimated at 37,000 and 24 million, respectively. The high capacity of S. calcitrans breeding in sugar cane byproducts explains the recent population explosions of this species reported in cattle ranches around sugarcane mills.


Subject(s)
Animals , Alcohol Industry/adverse effects , Muscidae/growth & development , Sugar Industry , Saccharum/adverse effects , Specimen Handling/veterinary
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(11): 945-952, Nov. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570704

ABSTRACT

A expansão da indústria sucroalcooleira tem levado à instalação de usinas de álcool em áreas tradicionalmente ocupadas pela pecuária de corte na região Centro-Oeste do País. Surtos pela mosca-dos-estábulos (Stomoxys calcitrans) em bovinos Nelore têm sido relatados nos últimos dois anos em Mato Grosso do Sul, associados a estas usinas. Visitas em propriedades pecuárias e usinas foram realizadas em meados de novembro 2009, ao final de surtos por S. calcitrans ocorridos nos municípios de Angélica e Ponta Porã, MS. Entrevistas, observações e coletas de imaturos de dípteros foram realizadas nos locais e o material entomológico coletado foi levado ao laboratório para posterior emergência. Elevadas infestações pela mosca-dos-estábulos e comportamento de agrupamento dos bovinos foram observados. Sítios de reprodução foram encontrados nos locais e a emergência de S. calcitrans foi constatada nas amostras coletadas tanto nas fazendas como nas usinas. O conjunto de informações, observações in loco e resultados das amostragens possibilitaram realizar uma abordagem epidemiológica preliminar sobre a dinâmica dos referidos surtos por S. calcitrans e discutir potenciais fatores de risco.


The expansion of the alcohol industry has led to the installation of ethanol plants in areas traditionally occupied by beef cattle in the Brazilian Midwest. Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) outbreaks associated with alcohol plants have been reported in Nelore cattle in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the last two years. Visits to livestock ranches and alcohol plants were held in mid-November 2009 at the end of S. calcitrans outbreaks in the counties of Angélica and Ponta Porã, MS. Interviews, surveys and collections of immature stages of flies were conducted at the sites and the entomological material was taken to the laboratory for further emergency. High stable fly infestations and cattle bunching behavior were observed during visits. Stable fly breeding sites were found and emergence of adult flies occurred from material collected from both cattle ranches and alcohol plants. The set of information, onsite observation, and sampling results made possible a preliminary epidemiological approach on the dynamics of S. calcitrans outbreaks as well as a discussion of potential risk factors.


Subject(s)
Animals , Muscidae/growth & development
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 62(5): 1142-1147, out. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570473

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento de Muscina stabulans (Diptera, Muscidae) após exposição ao fungo Metarhizium anisopliae (isolado CG34), sob condições de laboratório. Suspensões de esporos foram preparadas nas concentrações de 10(5), 10(6), 10(7) e 10(8)conídeos/mL-1. Noventa larvas pós-alimentar por tratamento, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos e três repetições, foram mergulhadas por um segundo nas respectivas suspensões, transferidas para placas de Petri com papel filtro umedecido e mantidas em estufa BOD à temperatura de 25ºC, umidade relativa de 80 por cento e fotoperíodo de 12:12 horas até a emergência dos adultos. Foram avaliados a taxa de mortalidade pupal e o período de desenvolvimento pupal. As larvas apresentaram suscetibilidade à ação de M. anisopliae em diferentes concentrações. A mortalidade pupal assim como o tempo de desenvolvimento das pupas (de 8,8 a 10 dias) aumentaram conforme o aumento da concentração de conídios (de zero a 47 por cento). A aplicação de M. anisopliae nesta fase do ciclo biológico comprometeu o desenvolvimento de M. stabulans e interferiu no controle natural de pragas que se desenvolvem no mesmo ambiente.


The development of Muscina stabulans (Diptera, Muscidae) after exposure to Metarhizium anisopliae (CG34 isolated) fungi under laboratory conditions was evaluated. Suspensions of spores were prepared in concentrations of 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8)conidia/mL-1. Ninety postfeeding larvae per treatment, divided into five treatments and three repetitions, were dived for one second in the respective suspensions, and transferred to Petri dishes with humidified filter paper and maintained in BOD at 25 ºC with 80 percent relative humidity and a 12:12h photoperiod, until the emergency of adults. The rate of pupal mortality and the period of pupal development were evaluated. The larvae showed susceptibility to the action of M. anisopliae in different levels of concentration. The pupal mortality increased accordingly to the increase in the conidia concentration (from zero to 47 percent), as well as prolonged the time of development of the pupae (from 8.8 to 10 days). The application of M. anisopliae in this phase of the biological cycle compromised the development of M. stabulans and interfered in the natural control of pests that develop in the same environment.


Subject(s)
Animals , Metarhizium/pathogenicity , Muscidae/growth & development , Mortality , Pest Control, Biological
5.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2008 Jan-Mar; 26(1): 83-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53769

ABSTRACT

Intestinal maggots were isolated from a patient, who had reported to the Department of General Medicine of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Puducherry, in southern India with complaints of abdominal distress, bloating of abdomen and intestinal hurry following a meal. He was diagnosed as a case of intestinal myiasis. Maggots obtained from his stool were identified to be Muscina stabulans based on characteristic patterns of posterior spiracles. He was treated with purgatives and albendazole. This intestinal myiasis case caused by M. stabulans is reported here because of its rare occurrence and the need to establish a correct diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Animals , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Cathartics/therapeutic use , Feces/parasitology , Humans , India , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Male , Muscidae/growth & development , Myiasis/diagnosis
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 26(2): 79-86, abr.-jun. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-431968

ABSTRACT

A mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) é um dos principais ectoparasitos de bovinos no Brasil. Estudos epidemiológicos são exigidos devido às dificuldades crescentes do seu controle químico. Por isso, para um melhor conhecimento da dinâmica populacional sazonal desta mosca foram realizadas contagens a cada 14 dias sobre bovinos para corte, entre 7 e 30 meses de idade, durante o período de inverno de 1996 até o verão de 2002. Foi verificada elevação nos níveis populacionais de H. irritans (P<0,05), entre as estações de cada período de infestação (primavera até o outono), especialmente na primavera e verão e, às vezes, no outono, seguida de uma queda significativa (P<0,05) no inverno, quando a umidade relativa alcançou níveis inferiores a 60 por cento. Houve uma relação direta e imediata na contagem de moscas com a variação da umidade relativa (P<0,05) enquanto que os efeitos mais evidentes da temperatura e a precipitação pluvio-métrica estiveram associados com contagens feitas 42 a 56 dias depois da leitura desses dados climáticos (P<0,05). As cargas parasitárias mais elevadas (número médio de moscas por animal) por grupo genético estudado foram: Aberdeen Angus x Nelore = 173,5 (134-254); ½ Pardo Suíço x Nelore = 183,5 (32-540); ¾ Aberdeen Angus x Nelore = 133,0 (18-374) e, Valdostana x Nelore = 219,0 (58-620). A ocorrência de chuvas torrenciais durante a metade inicial do período de infestação (primavera até meados do verão), comum na região deste estudo, foi considerada a principal responsável pelos níveis populacionais variando de moderados a baixos verificados nesta época em comparação àqueles verificados no restante do período.


Horn fly (Haematobia irritans) is one of the most important Brazilian cattle ectoparasites. Epidemiological studies are needed due the increasing difficulty of their chemical control. In order to obtain a better knowledge of their seasonal population dynamics, 14 days interval fly counts were made on 7-30 month old beef cattle, from winter 1996 to summer 2002. Horn fly population levels increase (P<0.05) was observed during the seasons of each infestation period (spring until autumn), mainly in spring and summer, and sometimes in autumn, followed by a significant reduction (P<0.05) in winter, when the relative humidity decreases to less than 60%. A straight (P<0.05) and immediate correlation between the relative humidity and the fly count was found, whilst the most evident effects of temperature and rain fall (P<0.05) were associated with counts done 42-56 days after attainment of the climatic data. The highest parasitism load (average number of flies per animal) observed for the genetic groups used were: Aberdeen Angus x Nellore = 173.5 (134-254); ½ Brown Swiss x Nellore = 183.5 (32-540); ¾ Aberdeen Angus x Nellore = 133.0 (18-374), and Valdostana x Nellore = 219.0 (58-620). Torrential rain falls during the initial half of the infestation period (spring until midsummer) are common in this region and were considered the main reason for the low to moderate population levels verified at that time, in comparison with those which occurred during the last half of the infestation period.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Epidemiology , Muscidae/growth & development , Muscidae/parasitology , Population Dynamics
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(3): 447-449, jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443602

ABSTRACT

The species of parasitoids associated with Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) collected in human feces, cattle liver, chicken viscera, cattle dung, chicken manure and food leftovers in Itumbiara, State of Goiás, Brazil, from July 1999 to July 2003, were studied. The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the adult flies or their parasitoids. The overall prevalence of parasitism was 0.7 percent. The most frequent species was Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), accounting for 35.4 percent.


Subject(s)
Pest Control, Biological/methods , Feces/parasitology , Muscidae/growth & development
9.
Parasitol. latinoam ; 60(3/4): 138-143, dic. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-460429

ABSTRACT

El número de larvas de Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) encontradas in cadáveres fue evaluada como un criterio para la estimación del intervalo post-mortem (IPM) en un modelo con carcasas de conejo. Conejos (New Zaeland) fueron sometidos a eutanasia por dislocación cervical en los meses de abril, julio, octubre de 2002 y enero de 2003, tres animales por ciclo de observación. Los cadáveres fueron expuestos en un ambiente selvático y a partir de cada uno de ellos fueron colectadas muestras de larvas de muscoideos tres veces a la semana durante 80 días. Las larvas de S. nudiseta, presentes en la muestra, fueron identificadas y contadas a lo largo del período de observación. La presencia de larvas fue evidente en todos los ciclos. Aunque la observación de las carcasas comenzó en el segundo día post exposición (DPE), en la mayoría de los ciclos, la colecta de larvas de S. nudiseta tuvo su inicio entre el 7º y 11º DPE y finalizó aproximadamente en el 30º DPE. El Ciclo I (Abril-Junio) constituyó una excepción ya que la colecta se inició tardíamente (18º DPE) y terminó al final del período de observación. Las observaciones sugieren que S. nudiseta es una especie importante en la colonización de cadáveres en La Región Neotropical. Aunque la gran variabilidad en el número de larvas colectadas hace la interpretación cuantitativa poco práctica, los hallazgos relativos a esta especie en en el contexto de una investigación forense podrían apoyar la estimación del IPM determinado por algún otro criterio.


The number of larvae of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) found in corpses was evaluated as a criterion for the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) in a model with rabbit carcasses. New Zaeland rabbits (3,8 kg) were euthanasied during April, July and October of 2002, and January of 2003, three animals per cycle of observation. The corpses were exposed in a forested environment and samples of muscoid larvae were collected three times a week from each corpse during 80 days. Larvae of S. nudiseta were identified and counted during the observation period. The presence of S. nudiseta maggots was evident in all the observation cycles. Although the number of collected larvae was greater during the first days of their appearance on the body, there was great variability between each carcass. Although observation of the carcasses began on the second day post-exposition (DPE), in most of cycles, the collection of S. nudiseta larvae began between the 7th and 11th DPE and ended at aproximately the 30th DPE. Cycle I (April-June) was an exception, where the recollection of S. nudiseta started later (18th DPE) and lasted until the end of the period. These observations suggest that S. nudiseta is an important species in the colonization of corpses in the Neotropical Region. Although the great variability in number of larvae collected makes the quantitative interpretation unpractical, the finding of this species at a certain time in forensic investigations may support the estimation of the IPM determined by other criteria.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Diptera/growth & development , Muscidae/growth & development , Cadaver , Postmortem Changes , Entomology/methods , Time Factors , Larva/growth & development , Temperature
10.
Parasitol. latinoam ; 59(3/4): 99-103, jul. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-396120

ABSTRACT

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la temperatura, humedad y la precipitación pluvial en la curva poblacional de campo de la mosca del establo, Stomoxys calcitrans, en un periodo de tres años en dos establos lecheros localizados en un clima semiárido en el estado de Aguascalientes, México. Los establos se visitaron semanalmente entre abril de 1999 y marzo del 2002, en cada ocasión se seleccionó al 10 por ciento de las vacas en lactancia realizando un conteo directo de moscas del establo que se observaran en el frente de las piernas. La ocurrencia de la mosca del establo en los conteos semanales fue dividido en cuatro fases: incremento poblacional fase I (primer pico), fase de fluctuación, incremento poblacional fase II (segundo pico) y fase de decremento poblacional, para cada año de estudio; se realizó un análisis de correlación de Pearson (P < 0,01) entre el promedio semanal de moscas por vaca y la temperatura promedio, humedad relativa promedio y precipitación pluvial registradas de una a cuatro semanas antes del conteo, en cada una de las fases poblacionales. En el incremento poblacional fase I (primavera-verano), la humedad relativa fue el único factor climático con índices de correlación significativos (r = 0,6 a 0,8), el primer pico ocurrió en septiembre, junio y agosto, respectivamente para cada año estudiado. La fase de decremento poblacional se observó en las últimas semanas del verano y en el otoño, detectando altos índices de correlación con la temperatura (r = 0,9). No se encontró ningún coeficiente significativo con la precipitación pluvial en el estudio.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Muscidae/growth & development , Seasons , Atmospheric Precipitation , Housing, Animal , Humidity , Mexico , Semi-Arid Zone , Temperature
11.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 47(4): 643-648, dez. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-388787

ABSTRACT

Ophyra albuquerquei may often be a potential predator of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 in poultry and pig houses in southern Brazil. Here we address the developmental period of immatures stages and their viability. To obtain eggs, larvae and pupae, a colony was established in the laboratory. Adult flies were fed on a diet comprising two parts dry milk, two parts sugar and one part fish flour. Larval diet comprised one part fish flour and one part sawdust and water. The eggs, larvae and pupae were incubated at 26° ± 1°C, 75 percent ± 10 percent R.H. and 12 h photoperiod. The egg to adult cycle took 573 h with a total viability of 64 percent. The shortest of the stages was the egg stage, which lasted about 20 h. The larval stage had the lowest viability (about 82 percent) and longest time interval (279 h). Overall, the results of this study show that O. albuquerquei can be readily maintained in the laboratory.


Subject(s)
Animals , Diet , Muscidae/growth & development , Pest Control, Biological , Poultry , Swine , Larva , Pupa
12.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 94(1): 123-6, Jan.-Feb. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-225942

ABSTRACT

The performance of various diets (bovine meat, fish-sardine, shrimp, dog faeces, and banana) in Ophyra aenescens development was evaluated. The biology was studied in an incubator (BOD) at 27ñ1ºC and 80ñ10 per cent of RH. The development time from larvae to adult, the developmental time and viability of larvae and pupae, the weight of pupae as well as the sex ratio of the emerging adults were also determined. Beef and shrimp were the more efficient diets for rearing O. aenescens.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed , Diet , Muscidae/growth & development
13.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 92(4): 563-4, July-Aug. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-193167

ABSTRACT

Observations were carried out on the reprodutive behavior of Synthesiomyia nudiseta females. The results of the biological parameters were: pre-oviposition period (15.5ñ4.7 days), oviposition period (25.4ñ14.7 days), number of eggs per oviposition (95.9ñ18.4) rate of ovipositant females (97.5 per cent), number of ovipositions (5.31ñ3.2), number of eggs per females (509.7ñ324.9), rate of hatching (68.0ñ19.0), female longevity (53.2ñ14.7 days), reprodutive potencial (67.4 per cent) and reproductive investment (4.1).


Subject(s)
Animals , Muscidae/growth & development , Reproduction
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